Ahom Naga Tesendaktep

~ H.Mayang Jamir, Rtd. D.E.O.

Tesüiba pututem nung asen Ao-Naga kin tetsü-tebou nungertemi (oboula nungertem) Lenden lima chubatem den tesendaktep takang yur lia aru. [With special reference to trade and commerce]. Saka yamala otsü indangji kaket nungbo zülua meyutsü. Anungji itemji pei pei yimtsüng nung tebang belentep otsü dang jembia aru [oral traditions]. Asenoki metet, küm jenti süa or külenbo yimtsüng shiaji tera balalasa kümadoker. Tanü lanurtem atema tzümar den sobalibatepa aruba otsüji nüngdak ta angateta ocet ka zülur. Aibelen kar alinunga tim leni melenshiteptsü ayongzüker.
Pre-British period tejen pututem nung Brahmaputra Lenden tesadem nung Ahom Chuba yimli küm 600 shi merena alidang par Chuba yimli meketa alir tenem nüburtemi kodangsa rongpang tesem kar len Ahom nunger meyong yim ammakba mesüra par bazaar nung rakzükraktema mesüra kar tepseta yutsü, yamala lendong timtem atalokba sülen anasatiba tesem nung aliba rongpangtemji Ahom chubai shibangadok [Economic Blockade].
“If the tribes indulged in robberies and other outrages could not be brought into submission easily by persuasion or by the minimum application of force, then the Duars (Passes) were blocked. No one was allowed to come down or group. This system did hardly fail to produce the desired result.”1 Yamala lendong atalokba sülen shibangadoker aliba rongpangtem madak kibur yimtitem nungi teshimtet yimsüsürtem ayongteper külen Ahom Chuba dangi lua ajurutep; kechiba ta süra tenem nüburtem rongdak nüngdakba osettemji talisa metsü [salt] Ahom chubar bazaartem [ghats] nung jiang ngutetba yong ibaji nüngdak. Lenden-tenem nübur anaprongla timtem mepet mesü bener marutsüsa külem teyaritep lenmang bushitsü atema Chubar kima salang nungji adenshia o lemtep aser asa-atongtep. Tatemsa, telemtetba tajung kati arur külen shibangadoker aliba rongbangtemji lapokja akhi ama yimjung nung sobaliba ao. Yamala lendong timtem bener arutsübaji mazüoktetba asen tenem nüburtemsa teimba liasü. Iba sülen oboula nunger putu yimsüsürtemi lua chuba den ken-o tajung jembia akangjongshitep.
Tanabuba nung, Ahom nüburtemi asen tenem nüburtem den tesendaktep tajung nung linübaji kechiba ta süra par kin lendong mapang nung asenoki aiben kümzüka aruogo. India nung mughul chuba Aurangzeb merena alidang Ahom yimli makyonga arudang la meketa alir tenem nüburtemi nokinketertem yoka yaritepba otsü lir. Ano Man-singpho nungeri Ahom lima makteter külen parnok rishikangshidang Naga tenemi par nütsüng aika jena atua kümzükasa yutsü. “The tribals were recruited to the Ahom army in recognition of their muscular strength and capacity for endurance. A British military officer in 1883 affirmed that, the Assamese army appears at this time (1660) to have been largely recruited from the Nagas and the Miris, and it is evident that they were quite able to hold their own against well trained armies of Hindustan. Soliders from the tribal areas formed part of the great army of Lachit Barphukam.”2
Ahom chuba den khatitepba mapaji tembanger külen tenem nüburtem aser Chuba jamirtem külemi pelatepa, longsotepa chia-jemer külen oboula nunger pei limai meyipa shilangdang Ahom Chubai parnok tarur ajak nem pei dak apet senti sempettem agütsü. Naga tenem nungi alurtemi Chuba nem bendaktsüba sempettem dang nungibo chubar sempettemji kanga agi jenjang taoba liasü. Aji oda oboula nungertemi tzütelang chubatem den putu jenti temba-tinu yimteta yaritepa aruba mapa dangiji khatitepba aser akangjongshitepba ta ajar. Naro küm kar yamai agütsür; Chubamong; khatiwaba; khatiwala; chubakatila & so on. Naga kin ; Aokin madak Ahom chubai atua yimden-yimli tsütsülen kibur kümdaktsüba ta mangatetli.
“The relationship between the Ahom kings and the Nagas was maintained through a confederation which was periodically held in the capital of the Ahom Kings. The relationship was renewed and re-affirmed from time to time and gifts and presents were exchanged as protocol formaliites.”3
Ao limai Khristan yimsü maruba putu Ahom kin aser Ao kin tsüngda chuba khatitep agi jungtepa liasü. Ibai ajanga Ao kin aser Ahom kin tsüngda shishilembaba nung tsütatep aser arür lendong nungi kümzüktepa aru. Ahom kin Myanmar nungeri amakdang Ao limai jena atua jenokba otsü lir. Ahom chubatemi Ao yim tongti aika den aser Konyak Anghtem den metetepa temba ayim, aser ponchi khatitepa liasü. Iba jungtep ajurutepba dang chuba khati-e aoba ta ajar.4
Alemli tar nunger mapang nungi Changki aser Longjemdang nungeri Ahom chuba dangi chuba khati-e oli asü, tetezü, temba akangtepba mapang yimeri sempet bener alu aser Ahom chubai sempet agütsü. Akangtemba yimtepa yimjung nung litepa aru. Ahom chubai Changki aser Longjemdang nunger atema Kukilamukh nung aser Mariani nung ali asazüka agütsü. Ali tasazük : (a) Hatiguarh Duar Semsa – Bordubia Goya No. 6 (Rs. 63/-) aser (b) Hatiguarh Duar Bordubia Mariani Goya No. 8 (Rs. 83/-) vide Assam Chief Secretary letter No. 4400-R dated 5th December, 1921. This annual payment is in perpetuity to the Naga holders.5
Mopungchukit yim kümer aso anabuba nungi oboula nunger Ahom chuba den khatitepa aru….. Chubai pa den tongti tanishir itemi jatep; Laloo; Azongta; Lirang; Kibang; Jakmai aser kümso. Parnoki Moludobia yim den tanaben jungtepa khatiteptsü tenzükshi. Iba khatitepba ya Moludobia den yimjung nung alentepa alitsü tenangzükpba temaitsü liasü.6
First Quarter of the 19th century A.D. nung Myanmar nungeri Patkai ranges ajanga arur Ahom chuba yimli makyonga or küm pezü tashi Ahom nüburtem rishikangshidang the Singphos and the Khamtis nungeribo Burma nunger jiang yari. Iba jagi Man-Singpho yimaker ta otsü jembir. Aji saka Konyak nunger aser asen Ao kinibo akhidang nungi akangjongshitepa aruba Ahom nungerji yari. Idangji Ahom nütsüngtem asen limai jena atur jenokdaktsüba aser asenoki yariba otsü lir. Ahom nunger lennir ka nokpulushi lesemyong ayongküm nung yim kümteta jenokdaktsü. Iba lushi tenüng DELLAI VALLEY ta jatet. Noktsünger telokbo Nokpu amung süngkhum anasa lidaktsü. KAHULONG-i aniba aluyimer telok ka Nokpu lushi Tzürong Ayong lenden nung jenoka yim kümdaktsü.7
Kasa mapang nungjisa Ahom nunger temji Lirmen yimtak jenoka lidaktsü. Parnoki merang, aser yongmen yinagi nok tsünga aser chipo-yinpo, auso, etc yanglua benshiba agi yimeria angazüka amshi. Parnok lidaktsüba tesem dangji YONGMENYANGBA kimong ta tetshir.8
Merangkong lushi Milak lenden nunga parnok aika jenoka lidaktsü. Karbo yim kirtsüng nung adoka ali koba dang tanü tashi Amtala Kimong ta ajar, Treaty of Yandaboo (1826) sülenbo tzümartemji par limaisa meyipa luadok. Tzümar arua aliba tejangzükji parnok dang nungi Merangkong nungeri nok atsüngba mapa angazük [Blacksmithy]. 9
Ahom nungertem idangji Ao lima tesem aisü nung Longkhum – Ungma tashi jina tur aliba temaitsü aser pari inyakteta yutsüba mapatem tat. Ahomlar-Imkong; Gabari-Tzübu; Aosoba-Tzübu aser Ungma lushi nung parnoki terrace cultivation lu ayimba; tzü mesür aruba (irrigation) aser ano parnoki amshiba nok; puo; kotari; azük etc., nguteta lir.10
Ahom Chuba den khatitepdang [temba akangtepba] Waromung nunger wabong Lanusoba Longchar nem Ahom Chubai taribi inoka yangluba nüngshi korang ka sempet agütsü. Saka British Army yimtaki arudang sepoi tanishibajagi taribi korangji nükshia reprang aser pa mulong ka agi korang nung keta aliba taribi-jibo agizüka bener oadok.11
Mapang, mapang nung oboula nungeri tzümah ali lenden nung lua par Ahom nunger litsü nung azüh tokshia tzümarsa alep. Anungji parnoki metsü (Salt) lemang noktangasa ayu. Saka joko metsü tanang chibar koda masüji koba Rongpang nung yamalaji atalokdir par Rongpang mesüra yimerji jembitetper lua Ahom Chuba den yimjong yangluteptsü ken-o jembi-isa lua metsü abenba lemangji lapokdaktsü. Iba dangji oboulanungeri Chuba khati-e aoba tasa jembir. Joko tai tokteper yimjung nung lidi ta jembitepa akhi ama yimjung nung lia odi ta jembitepi aluba.12
Yim kümer aso ana asem tsüngda nungbo oboula nunger Ahom Chuba den khatitepa aru. [Tetushi agütsütepba] = Mopongchukit nunger Mongden; Naaro; Moludongba; Sungratsü; Yariba; Longpha Yimpoksüba; Longjang külemtsüa; Chami Tsünglupong aser ano Khensa aser Mongsenyimti yim nungi kar oa Ahom Chuba den khatitepa liasü. 1819 – 1824 tashi nung Myanmar nungeri Ahom yimli amak. Iba tensa tzümartem aika jena atua Naga lima tesem balala nung jenoka ali. (Esp. Konyak and Ao regions nung). Iba mapang nung Longjang yimsüsürtemi parnok alitsü ali agüja parnok alu yima, shiruru metsüa menüng tzükem lenden YANGER-SET anasa ali. Iba lenden nungji tzütsüng ka liasü aser iba dangi Tzümar-Tzübu ta ajar.13
Ahom Naga tesendaktep indang Ahom Buranji nung par nübur kaket zülurtemi yamai zülua angutsü.
(a) “The fugitive Ahom Prince Godapani, who afterward sat on the throne, from 1681 – 1696 A.D. had taken shelter in the Naga Hills and the stories of his escapades and wanderings are still current amongst the Nagas as amongst the people of Assam.”14
(b) In times of external invasions, Ahom kings and nobles took refuge in the adjoining Naga villages upstream Jhanji, Tiru and Dikhu rivers.15
Ao Naga kin nüburtemi taoba putu nung Ahom nunger den amalitepa aruba aser teyari agütsübaji parnoki talangka dang mamateti alir. Par den jungtepa arur nem mapang shia senti sempett bentsüba indangji Nagaland Gazette, Mokokchung District zülur Dr. B.B.Ghosh-i pai züluba kaket page 42 nungji shia angutsü.
REFERENCE
1. Ahom – Tribal Relations by Mrs. Lakshmi Devi, p.353.
2. A Sketch of Assam by J.Butler (1847), p.152.
3. Ibid (Sl. No. 1), p.52.
4. ABAM nüngo (1997), p.13(H).
5. Impur Chanu (1920 – 1935) by Rev. Dr. I. Ben Wati, p.30.
6. Mopungchuket Baptist Arogo (Longzük) 100 – Mong, p.6 & 8.
7. Nokpur (1999) by Kochajanger putu menden, pp.53-54.
8. Tamang samanir nüngo by Lirmen Baptist Arogo, 9.3.
9. Merangkong Arogo Centemeal Otzü by Merangkong Baptist Church, p.28.
10. Nagaland Gazette, Mokokchung District by Dr. B.B.Ghosh, pp.41-42.
11. Waromung Baptist Arogo Centenary Nüngo by Waromung Baptist Church, p.27.
12. I.Shilu Yaden, Mokokchung dated 19th January, 2008.
13. Longjang Baptist Arogo Centenary Nüngo (1905 – 2005), p.9.
14. Atang Burgohain and His Times by Dr. S.K.Bhuyan, p.212.
15. Early History of Kumarupa by B.Bahadur, p.195.